No, the cloth is essential, as that is where the strength comes from. Fiberglassing is a classic composite material, in which 2 different constituent materials are combined to form a compound that is stronger than the sum of its parts. The combined materials have specific names, namely the reinforcement, and the matrix. In this case, the fiberglass cloth itself is the reinforcement material, or the foundation/main structure of the composite. The resin is the matrix, which serves to bond the fibers of the reinforcement and cure it into a hard structure capable of supporting loads and stresses.
So, no, you will get very little, if any, strength from only resin. You need the cloth.